Gender gaps aren't just for the workplace, and the midterm elections are proving it. An NPR analysis of campaign finance records shows that Democratic women candidates face a fundraising gap, compared to Democratic men, in the party's toughest House races.

In Federal Election Commission filings, the women running for Congress have raised an average of $500,000 less than the men, in the 67 most competitive districts as rated by the nonpartisan Cook Political Report. The analysis found that the 34 Democratic women challenging Republicans in those districts raised a combined $34.5 million from out-of-state donors, compared to $48.3 million raised by the Democratic 33 men. Out-of-state money is a growing, and critical, building block in House races.

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In Nebraska's 2nd Congressional District, first-time Democratic candidate Kara Eastman reported raising $783,953 in her most recent filing June 30. Republican incumbent Don Bacon had raised $1.8 million.

"I mean look, we anticipate that we will be outspent in this race," said Eastman, a social worker and nonprofit executive who won the party primary in an upset. The district includes Omaha and its suburbs — a single media market, which saves candidates many thousands of dollars for TV advertising.

Eastman's fundraising was still below the million-dollar mark at her latest disclosure deadline, June 30. Small donors — those who gave $200 or less — account for 44 percent of her funds. Conversely, Bacon raised 44 percent of his money from political action committees, which gave just 5 percent of Eastman's funds.

"We continue to raise money. Actually over 90 percent of my money has come from individuals," Eastman told NPR. The small-dollar contributions are "something I'm really proud of."

If the lopsided fundraising numbers for women candidates are a surprise, it's only because the numbers of women candidates have surged this year.

"For the last 20 years for sure they just have always trailed behind," said Taryn Rosenkranz, founder of New Blue Digital Strategies, a liberal consulting firm in Washington, D.C., "and I'm sure it's for the last 100, or however long we've been tracking financial contributions."

There are structural reasons for the gap. The fundamentals: many women earn less than men, and have less wealth to share.

"Men giving money to politics tend to give more money than women," said Kira Sanbonmatsu, senior scholar at Rutgers University's Center for American Women and Politics. In the long run, she said, "Women have not had that same giving tradition in politics."

But a new tradition is emerging. EMILY's List, founded in 1985 to elect pro-abortion rights Democratic women, now claims 5 million supporters. Its various affiliated committees have raised $91 million this election cycle.

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And there are other, smaller fundraisingnetworks, including the one helping Angie Craig, a Democratic challenger in Minnesota. A health-care industry executive, Craig is in a rematch with Republican Rep. Jason Lewis, who edged her out by two percentage points in 2016.

The fundraising network helping her is based half a continent away, in Massachusetts and was established by Rep. Katherine Clark, D-Mass.

Craig told NPR that she was one of several candidates running in swing districts who Clark wanted her donors to help.

Clark said the network was there for her five years ago: "When I ran for Congress back in 2013, I had the exceedingly rare donors that were majority women." So now, with a safe seat, she's sharing the donors with other Democratic women.

"What I have tried to do in this effort to flip the House and elect more women to Congress is tap that network of donors," she said.

The fundraising picture for the Democratic women will become clearer, and perhaps brighter, when the next reports are filed in mid-October.

Editor's note: NPR is examining the role of women in the 2018 midterm elections all week. To follow more coverage and look back at how the role of women in the 2014 midterms was covered,click here.

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