Updated at 11:47 a.m. ET

A Russian woman who plotted to infiltrate conservative political circles and open back channel lines of communication as part of an unofficial influence campaign was sentenced to 18 months in prison on Friday.

Maria Butina pleaded guilty in December to one count of conspiracy to act as a Russian agent in the U.S. without registering with the Justice Department. She faced up to five years in prison.

U.S. District Court Judge Tanya S. Chutkan ordered the 18-month sentence and said Butina would receive credit for the roughly nine months she has already served.

Butina said in court that she had "harmed the American people" by failing to register as a foreign agent and said she would have registered if she had known that was required.

She said before the sentencing that her apology would never be enough to make up for her mistake, which caused discord between two countries she said she loves — the United States and Russia.

"Now I beg for mercy, and the chance to go home and restart my life," Butina said.

Butina's case has been handled separately from special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation. But like Mueller's probe, it has exposed the various ways that Moscow tries to influence American politics and policy.

Butina was arrested by the FBI in July and has been in federal custody since. She is being held in solitary confinement in an Alexandria, Va., detention center outside Washington, D.C.

Her case caught the international media spotlight after the government accused Butina of employing feminine wiles — à la the movie Red Sparrow— to extract information. Prosecutors later backed away from that allegation.

But even before those claims, Butina attracted public scrutiny through the use of her professed interest in gun rights and American politics to establish relationships with senior members of the National Rifle Association and the Republican Party.

Her boyfriend, longtime GOP fundraiser and NRA supporter Paul Erickson, played a prominent role in Butina's outreach to Republicans, including Donald Trump's campaign.

Erickson, who is more than 20 years Butina's senior, is facing federal investment fraud charges in a separate case.

According to Butina's plea deal, she conspired with a Russian government official, Alexander Torshin, to collect information and open unofficial lines of communication with influential and powerful Americans and to use those connections to Russia's advantage.

Here's what the government wrote in its sentencing memo.

Butina was not a spy in the traditional sense of trying to gain access to classified information to send back to her home country. Acquiring information valuable to a foreign power does not necessarily involve collecting classified documents or engaging in cloak-and-dagger activities. Something as basic as the identification of people who have the ability to influence policy in a foreign power's favor is extremely attractive to those powers. This identification could form the basis of other forms of intelligence operations, or targeting, in the future.

Counterintelligence officials call it "spotting and assessing." It's also what a group of "illegals" arrested and deported in 2010 was trying to do, working for Russia's foreign intelligence service, the SVR.

The bottom line in Butina's case is that she was acting on behalf of Russia's government and had the potential to damage U.S. national security, officials say.

Prosecutors recommended that Butina be given credit for the "substantial assistance" she has provided to investigators as part of her plea deal. But they still asked that she be sentenced to 18 months behind bars because her "actions here were harmful to U.S. national security interests."

The defense's case

Butina's lawyers presented her in a different light.

They described her activities as "friendship citizen diplomacy" driven by good intentions. They acknowledged that she failed to notify the attorney general of her efforts and said "she recognizes that her good ends were sought using unlawful means."

All told, though, they said: "Her motivations weren't nefarious. Maria was genuinely interested in improving relations between the two countries, and she had no ill intent."

The lawyers said Butina has acknowledged her guilt and "has felt the depths of shame, humiliation, and remorse for her actions." She has already spent some nine months in federal custody, pleaded guilty and "done everything she could to atone for her mistakes through cooperation and assistance."

Butina's lawyers said she was ready to return to her family and asked Chutkan to impose a sentence of time served.

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